What is the primary purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?

The primary purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is to prevent electrical shock by cutting off power when a ground fault is detected. GFCIs are designed to monitor the flow of electricity in a circuit and can sense imbalances between the supply and return currents. When a ground fault occurs—such as when current leaks through a human body to the ground—the GFCI quickly disconnects the electrical supply, typically within milliseconds. This rapid response helps to prevent severe injury or fatality from electric shock.

In contrast to enhancing power efficiency, increasing the lifespan of appliances, or providing surge protection, GFCIs specifically focus on safety by addressing the risk of shock in areas where water and electricity may be in close proximity, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor locations. Thus, the significant feature of GFCIs is their role in protecting individuals from electrical hazards.