What is the primary purpose of a ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI)?

The primary purpose of a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is to protect against electrocution. A GFCI is designed to prevent electrical shock by detecting imbalances in the electrical current. When it senses that current is leaking or straying from the intended path, which is often when it comes into contact with a person, it quickly interrupts the flow of electricity. This protective action minimizes the risk of serious injury or death from electric shock, particularly in wet or damp environments where the risk of ground faults is higher, such as bathrooms or kitchens.

While limiting the amount of time current flows through a human body, minimizing shock levels, or protecting equipment from arcing issues are important in their contexts, the primary function and significance of a GFCI centers on preventing electrocution. Therefore, among the options provided, the most aligned with the GFCI's intended use is the protection against electrocution.